提示词优化 API 参考¶
函数
-
create_prompt_optimizer
–创建一个提示词优化器,以提高提示词的有效性。
-
create_multi_prompt_optimizer
–创建一个多提示词优化器,以提高提示词的有效性。
create_prompt_optimizer ¶
create_prompt_optimizer(
model: str | BaseChatModel,
/,
*,
kind: KINDS = "gradient",
config: Union[
GradientOptimizerConfig,
MetapromptOptimizerConfig,
None,
] = None,
) -> Runnable[OptimizerInput, str]
创建一个提示词优化器,以提高提示词的有效性。
此函数创建一个优化器,可以分析和改进提示词,以提高语言模型的性能。它支持多种优化策略,以迭代方式增强提示词的质量和有效性。
参数
-
model
(Union[str, BaseChatModel]
) –用于优化的语言模型。可以是一个模型名称字符串或一个 BaseChatModel 实例。
-
kind
(Literal[gradient, prompt_memory, metaprompt]
, default:'gradient'
) –要使用的优化策略。每种策略都有不同的优点
- gradient:将发现改进点和推荐更新点这两个关注点分开
- prompt_memory:简单的单次(single-shot)元提示词
- metaprompt:支持反思,但每一步都是一次 LLM 调用。
-
config
(Optional[OptimizerConfig]
, default:None
) –优化器的配置选项。类型取决于所选的策略
- GradientOptimizerConfig for kind="gradient" - PromptMemoryConfig for kind="prompt_memory" - MetapromptOptimizerConfig for kind="metaprompt"
默认为 None。
返回
-
optimizer
(Runnable[OptimizerInput, str]
) –一个可调用对象,它接收对话轨迹和/或提示词,并返回优化后的版本。
优化策略¶
1. 梯度优化器¶
sequenceDiagram
participant U as User
participant O as Optimizer
participant R as Reflection
participant U2 as Update
U->>O: Prompt + Feedback
loop For min_steps to max_steps
O->>R: Think/Critique Current State
R-->>O: Proposed Improvements
O->>U2: Apply Update
U2-->>O: Updated Prompt
end
O->>U: Final Optimized Prompt
梯度优化器使用反思来提出改进建议
- 通过反思周期分析提示词和反馈
- 提出具体的改进建议
- 应用单步更新
配置 (GradientOptimizerConfig)
- gradient_prompt:用于预测“需要改进什么”的自定义提示词
- metaprompt:用于应用改进的自定义提示词
- max_reflection_steps:最大反思迭代次数(默认:3)
- min_reflection_steps:最小反思迭代次数(默认:1)
2. 元提示词优化器¶
sequenceDiagram
participant U as User
participant M as MetaOptimizer
participant A as Analysis
participant U2 as Update
U->>M: Prompt + Examples
M->>A: Analyze Examples
A-->>M: Proposed Update
M->>U2: Apply Update
U2-->>U: Enhanced Prompt
使用元学习直接提出更新
- 分析示例以理解模式
- 直接提出提示词更新
- 一步应用更新
配置 (MetapromptOptimizerConfig)
- metaprompt:关于如何更新提示词的自定义指令
- max_reflection_steps:最大元学习步骤数(默认:3)
- min_reflection_steps:最小元学习步骤数(默认:1)
3. 提示词记忆优化器¶
sequenceDiagram
participant U as User
participant P as PromptMemory
participant M as Memory
U->>P: Prompt + History
P->>M: Extract Patterns
M-->>P: Success Patterns
P->>U: Updated Prompt
从对话历史中学习
- 从过去的交互中提取成功的模式
- 从反馈中识别改进区域
- 将学到的模式应用于新的提示词
无需额外配置。
示例
基础提示词优化
from langmem import create_prompt_optimizer
optimizer = create_prompt_optimizer("anthropic:claude-3-5-sonnet-latest")
# Example conversation with feedback
conversation = [
{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me about the solar system"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "The solar system consists of..."},
]
feedback = {"clarity": "needs more structure"}
# Use conversation history to improve the prompt
trajectories = [(conversation, feedback)]
better_prompt = await optimizer.ainvoke(
{"trajectories": trajectories, "prompt": "You are an astronomy expert"}
)
print(better_prompt)
# Output: 'Provide a comprehensive overview of the solar system...'
使用对话反馈进行优化
from langmem import create_prompt_optimizer
optimizer = create_prompt_optimizer(
"anthropic:claude-3-5-sonnet-latest", kind="prompt_memory"
)
# Conversation with feedback about what could be improved
conversation = [
{"role": "user", "content": "How do I write a bash script?"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "Let me explain bash scripting..."},
]
feedback = "Response should include a code example"
# Use the conversation and feedback to improve the prompt
trajectories = [(conversation, {"feedback": feedback})]
better_prompt = await optimizer(trajectories, "You are a coding assistant")
print(better_prompt)
# Output: 'You are a coding assistant that always includes...'
针对复杂任务的元提示词优化
from langmem import create_prompt_optimizer
optimizer = create_prompt_optimizer(
"anthropic:claude-3-5-sonnet-latest",
kind="metaprompt",
config={"max_reflection_steps": 3, "min_reflection_steps": 1},
)
# Complex conversation that needs better structure
conversation = [
{"role": "user", "content": "Explain quantum computing"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "Quantum computing uses..."},
]
feedback = "Need better organization and concrete examples"
# Optimize with meta-learning
trajectories = [(conversation, feedback)]
improved_prompt = await optimizer(
trajectories, "You are a quantum computing expert"
)
性能考量
每种策略有不同的 LLM 调用模式
- prompt_memory:总共 1 次 LLM 调用
- 速度最快,因为它只需要一次处理
- metaprompt:1-5 次 LLM 调用(可配置)
- 每一步都是一次 LLM 调用
- 默认范围:最小 2 次,最大 5 次反思步骤
- gradient:2-10 次 LLM 调用(可配置)
- 每一步需要 2 次 LLM 调用(思考 + 批判)
- 默认范围:最小 2 次,最大 5 次反思步骤
策略选择
根据您的需求进行选择
- 提示词记忆(Prompt Memory):最简单的提示策略
- 从复杂模式中学习的能力有限
- 元提示词(Metaprompt):在速度和改进之间取得平衡
- 中等成本(2-5 次 LLM 调用)
- 梯度(Gradient):最彻底但成本最高
- 成本最高(4-10 次 LLM 调用)
- 使用关注点分离从更具对话性的上下文中提取反馈。
create_multi_prompt_optimizer ¶
create_multi_prompt_optimizer(
model: str | BaseChatModel,
/,
*,
kind: Literal[
"gradient", "prompt_memory", "metaprompt"
] = "gradient",
config: Optional[dict] = None,
) -> Runnable[MultiPromptOptimizerInput, list[Prompt]]
创建一个多提示词优化器,以提高提示词的有效性。
此函数创建一个优化器,可以使用相同的优化策略同时分析和改进多个提示词。每个提示词都使用选定的策略进行优化(有关策略详情,请参阅 create_prompt_optimizer
)。
参数
-
model
(Union[str, BaseChatModel]
) –用于优化的语言模型。可以是一个模型名称字符串或一个 BaseChatModel 实例。
-
kind
(Literal[gradient, prompt_memory, metaprompt]
, default:'gradient'
) –要使用的优化策略。每种策略都有不同的优点: - gradient:通过反思迭代改进 - prompt_memory:使用过去成功的提示词 - metaprompt:通过元学习学习最优模式 默认为 "gradient"。
-
config
(Optional[OptimizerConfig]
, default:None
) –优化器的配置选项。类型取决于所选的策略: - GradientOptimizerConfig 用于 kind="gradient" - PromptMemoryConfig 用于 kind="prompt_memory" - MetapromptOptimizerConfig 用于 kind="metaprompt" 默认为 None。
返回
-
MultiPromptOptimizer
(Runnable[MultiPromptOptimizerInput, list[Prompt]]
) –一个接收对话轨迹和提示词并返回优化后版本的 Runnable 对象。
sequenceDiagram
participant U as User
participant M as Multi-prompt Optimizer
participant C as Credit Assigner
participant O as Single-prompt Optimizer
participant P as Prompts
U->>M: Annotated Trajectories + Prompts
activate M
Note over M: Using pre-initialized<br/>single-prompt optimizer
M->>C: Analyze trajectories
activate C
Note over C: Determine which prompts<br/>need improvement
C-->>M: Credit assignment results
deactivate C
loop For each prompt needing update
M->>O: Optimize prompt
activate O
O->>P: Apply optimization strategy
Note over O,P: Gradient/Memory/Meta<br/>optimization
P-->>O: Optimized prompt
O-->>M: Return result
deactivate O
end
M->>U: Return optimized prompts
deactivate M
系统优化器
示例
基础提示词优化
from langmem import create_multi_prompt_optimizer
optimizer = create_multi_prompt_optimizer("anthropic:claude-3-5-sonnet-latest")
# Example conversation with feedback
conversation = [
{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me about the solar system"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "The solar system consists of..."},
]
feedback = {"clarity": "needs more structure"}
# Use conversation history to improve the prompts
trajectories = [(conversation, feedback)]
prompts = [
{"name": "research", "prompt": "Research the given topic thoroughly"},
{"name": "summarize", "prompt": "Summarize the research findings"},
]
better_prompts = await optimizer.ainvoke(
{"trajectories": trajectories, "prompts": prompts}
)
print(better_prompts)
使用对话反馈进行优化
from langmem import create_multi_prompt_optimizer
optimizer = create_multi_prompt_optimizer(
"anthropic:claude-3-5-sonnet-latest", kind="prompt_memory"
)
# Conversation with feedback about what could be improved
conversation = [
{"role": "user", "content": "How do I write a bash script?"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "Let me explain bash scripting..."},
]
feedback = "Response should include a code example"
# Use the conversation and feedback to improve the prompts
trajectories = [(conversation, {"feedback": feedback})]
prompts = [
{"name": "explain", "prompt": "Explain the concept"},
{"name": "example", "prompt": "Provide a practical example"},
]
better_prompts = await optimizer(trajectories, prompts)
控制最大反思步骤数
from langmem import create_multi_prompt_optimizer
optimizer = create_multi_prompt_optimizer(
"anthropic:claude-3-5-sonnet-latest",
kind="metaprompt",
config={"max_reflection_steps": 3, "min_reflection_steps": 1},
)
# Complex conversation that needs better structure
conversation = [
{"role": "user", "content": "Explain quantum computing"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "Quantum computing uses..."},
]
# Explicit feedback is optional
feedback = None
# Optimize with meta-learning
trajectories = [(conversation, feedback)]
prompts = [
{"name": "concept", "prompt": "Explain quantum concepts"},
{"name": "application", "prompt": "Show practical applications"},
{"name": "example", "prompt": "Give concrete examples"},
]
improved_prompts = await optimizer(trajectories, prompts)
类
-
Prompt
–用于结构化提示词管理和优化的 TypedDict。
-
OptimizerInput
–用于单提示词优化的输入。
-
MultiPromptOptimizerInput
–用于同时优化多个提示词并保持一致性的输入。
-
AnnotatedTrajectory
–对话历史(消息列表),带有可选的反馈信息,用于提示词优化。
Prompt ¶
基类:TypedDict
用于结构化提示词管理和优化的 TypedDict。
示例
from langmem import Prompt
prompt = Prompt(
name="extract_entities",
prompt="Extract key entities from the text:",
update_instructions="Make minimal changes, only address where"
" errors have occurred after reasoning over why they occur.",
when_to_update="If there seem to be errors in recall of named entities.",
)
name 和 prompt 字段是必需的。可选字段控制优化: - update_instructions:修改提示词的指南 - when_to_update:优化过程中提示词之间的依赖关系
在提示词优化器中使用。
OptimizerInput ¶
基类:TypedDict
用于单提示词优化的输入。
示例
{
"trajectories": [
AnnotatedTrajectory(
messages=[
{"role": "user", "content": "What's the weather like?"},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "I'm sorry, I can't tell you that",
},
],
feedback="Should have checked your search tool.",
),
],
"prompt": Prompt(
name="main_assistant",
prompt="You are a helpful assistant with a search tool.",
update_instructions="Make minimal changes, only address where "
"errors have occurred after reasoning over why they occur.",
when_to_update="Any time you notice the agent behaving in a way that doesn't help the user.",
),
}
MultiPromptOptimizerInput ¶
基类:TypedDict
用于同时优化多个提示词并保持一致性的输入。
示例
{
"trajectories": [
AnnotatedTrajectory(
messages=[
{"role": "user", "content": "Tell me about this image"},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "I see a dog playing in a park",
},
{"role": "user", "content": "What breed is it?"},
{
"role": "assistant",
"content": "Sorry, I can't tell the breed",
},
],
feedback="Vision model wasn't used for breed detection",
),
],
"prompts": [
Prompt(
name="vision_extract",
prompt="Extract visual details from the image",
update_instructions="Focus on using vision model capabilities",
),
Prompt(
name="vision_classify",
prompt="Classify specific attributes in the image",
when_to_update="After vision_extract is updated",
),
],
}
AnnotatedTrajectory ¶
基类:NamedTuple
对话历史(消息列表),带有可选的反馈信息,用于提示词优化。
示例
from langmem.prompts.types import AnnotatedTrajectory
trajectory = AnnotatedTrajectory(
messages=[
{"role": "user", "content": "What pizza is good around here?"},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "Try LangPizza™️"},
{"role": "user", "content": "Stop advertising to me."},
{"role": "assistant", "content": "BUT YOU'LL LOVE IT!"},
],
feedback={
"developer_feedback": "too pushy",
"score": 0,
},
)